In a world where complexity is often glorified, a recent study challenges the notion that classical and jazz music have become less intricate. The research, conducted by Italian scientists, delves into the evolution of these genres, revealing a surprising trend. By analyzing MIDI files from 1600 to 2021, the team discovered that classical and jazz music have evolved towards simpler structural patterns, mirroring contemporary genres. This finding raises intriguing questions about the nature of musical complexity and its perception.
The study's methodology is innovative, employing complexity science tools to measure musical complexity. Niccolò Di Marco, an assistant professor at the University of Tuscia, explains, "We used MIDI files, a digital music representation, and applied complexity science techniques. While we acknowledge limitations, such as the challenges in measuring note selections, our focus on melodic and harmonic transitions provides valuable insights."
One fascinating aspect of this research is its connection to a broader trend. A study by Queen Mary University of London in 2024 found a similar simplification in popular songs. This raises the question: Is the music industry becoming more accessible and inclusive, or is complexity being redefined? Di Marco suggests a nuanced perspective, arguing that complexity isn't diminishing but rather transforming.
"Complexity isn't disappearing," he asserts. "Instead, classical music is evolving away from intricate harmonies and melodies. It's shifting towards other dimensions that are harder to quantify. This transformation is influenced by cultural and practical factors, including the diversification of musical languages and the desire for clarity and accessibility."
This study is part of a larger research project examining the impact of the internet and social media on human communication. Interestingly, previous findings indicate that online communication has also become more straightforward. Di Marco believes this simplification isn't cause for alarm.
"In a more interconnected world," he posits, "simpler musical structures can enhance accessibility and reach. Our study aims to measure evolution, not criticize it. We shouldn't view this as a decline in complexity but rather a shift in its expression."
This research invites us to reconsider our understanding of musical complexity. Perhaps, in a digital age, simplicity can be a powerful tool for connection and engagement. As the world continues to evolve, the music industry adapts, offering a fresh perspective on what it means to be complex.
